Picturing the book of nature in the Renaissance

Dr S. Kusukawa

 

Students should note that this bibliography is compiled as a starting point for extended essays and dissertations. Not all topics listed here will have been covered by lectures.

 

Students may also find it useful to browse through other sites listed under ‘research tools’.

 

Back to sk111

 

 

0. Introduction

1. Studies

   1.1. Historiographic

   1.2. General

   1.3. Artists and craftsmen

   1.4. Mnemonic function of pictures

2. Natural History or materia medica

   2.1.1. Plants – primary sources

   2.1.2. Plants – studies

   2.2.1. Animals – primary sources

   2.2.2. Animals – studies

3. Anatomy

   3.1. Primary sources

   3.2. Studies

4. Maps

   4.1. General, historiographic, technical

   4.2. Primary sources

   4.3. Studies – Medieval and Mappa Mundi

   4.4. Studies – Early Modern

   4.5. New World

   4.5.1. New World – primary sources

   4.5.2. New World – studies

5. Galileo

  5.1. Galileo – primary sources

  5.2. Galileo - studies

6. Printing

 

 

 

A. Picturing the book of nature

0. Introduction

items in this section are listed for the range and variety of primary sources they contain – browsing through these would provide a very good sense of the visual primary sources that are available for study

 

Murdoch, J. E. (1984). Album of science: antiquity and the middle ages, New York: Scribner.

Cohen, I. B. (1980). Album of science; from Leonardo to Lavoisier 1450- 1800, New York.

Jones, P. M. (1998). Medieval Medicine in Illuminated Manuscripts, London: British Library.

Roberts, K. B. and J. D. W. Tomlinson (1992). The Fabric of the Body: European traditions of anatomical illustrations, Oxford.

Rutkow, I. M. (1993). Surgery: an illustrated history, St Louis and London.

Moe, H. (1995). The art of anatomical illustration in the Renaissance and Baroque periods, Copenhagen.

Sherman, C. R., Ed. (2000). Writing on hands: memory and knowledge in early modern Europe Seattle, Washington University Press.

Delano Smith, C. and Kain, Roger J. P. (1999). English Maps: a history, London: The British Library.

Mollat, M. (1984). Sea Charts of the Early Explorers: 13th to 17th century, tr. L. l. R. Dethan New York: Thames and Hudson.

Harley, J. B. and D. Woodward, Eds. (1987). The history of cartography, Vol.1, Cartography in prehistoric, ancient, and medieval Europe and the Mediterranean Chicago and London.

Whitfield, P. (1995). The mapping of the heavens, London.

Lachièze-Rey, M. and J.-P. Luminet (1998). Figures du ciel, Seuil: BNF.

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1. Studies

1.1.Historiographic

items are listed for their historiographic and methodological discussions that are relevant to interpreting visual sources

Ivins, W. M. J. (1953). Prints and visual communications, London.

Panofsky, E. (1955). Meaning in the Visual Arts, London.

Baxandall, M. (1972). Painting and experience in fifteenth century Italy; a primer in the social history of pictorial style, Oxford: Clarendon.

Gombrich, E. (1982). The image and the eye: further studies in the psychology of pictorial representation, Oxford: Phaidon.

Ackerman, J. S. (1985). 'Early Renaissance 'naturalism' and scientific illustration', in A. Ellenius (ed.), The natural sciences and the arts: aspects of interaction from the Renaissance to the 20th Century: An international symposium, Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1-17, must now be read with:

Kemp, M. (1990). 'Taking it on trust: Form and meaning in naturalistic representation', Archives of Natural History 17: 127-188.

Mitchell, W. J. T. (1986). Iconology: Image, Text, Ideology, Chicago.

Baxandall, M. (1985). Patterns of intention: on the historical explanation of pictures, New Haven.

Alpers, S. (1983). The art of describing: Dutch art in the seventeenth century, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Rotberg, R. I. and T. K. Rabb (1988). Art and history: images and their meaning, Cambridge.

Lynch, M. and S. Edgerton (1988). 'Aesthetics and digital image processing: representational craft in contemporary astronomy', in G. Fyfe and J. Law (ed.), Picturing power : visual depiction and social relations, London, 184-220. On modern material, but relevant.

Bastide, F. (1990). 'The iconography of scientific texts', in M. Lynch and S. Woolgar (ed.), Representation in scientific practice, Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press. On modern material, but relevant.

Starn, R. (1989). 'Seeing Culture in a Room of a Renaissance Prince', in L. Hunt (ed.), The New Cultural History, Berkeley.

Freedberg, D. (1989). The power of images: studies in the history and theory of response, Chicago.

Elkins, J. (1995). 'Art history and images that are not art', Art Bulletin 77(4): 553-71. Methodological discussion by an art historian on the history of scientific images, with relevant bibliography.

Burke, U. P. (2001). Eyewitnessing: the uses of images as historical evidence, London: Reaktion.

Latour, B. and P. Weibel (2002). Iconoclash: Beyond the Image Wars in Science, Religion and Art, Karlsruhe.

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1.2. General

I list here titles which include studies that encompass a wide range of fields, rather than focusing on a particular field:

Chatelain, J.-M. and L. Pinon (2000). 'Genres et functions de l’illustration au XVIe siècle', in H.-J. Martin (ed.), La naissance du livre moderne (XIVe-XVIIe siécles) mise en page et mise en texte du livre français, Paris, 236-269.

S. Kusukawa and I. Maclean, Eds. (2006). Transmitting Knowledge: Words, Images, and Instruments in Early Modern Europe, Oxford.

Mazzolini, R. G., Ed. (1993). Non-verbal communication in science prior to 1900, Florence, Olschki.

Lefèvre, W., J. Renn, et al., Eds. (2003). The Power of Images in Early Modern Science, Basel, Boston, and Berlin.

Jones, C. A. and P. Galison, Eds. (1998). Picturing Science, Producing Art, London and New York, Routledge.

Landau, D. and P. Parshall (1994). The Renaissance Print: 1470-1550, New Haven: Yale University Press.

Baigrie, B. S., Ed. (1996). Picturing knowledge: historical and philosophical problems concerning the use of art in science, Toronto.

Shea, W. R., Ed. (2000). Science and the visual image in the Enlightenment, Canton.

 

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1.3. Artists and craftsmen

Benvenuto Cellini, autobiography, tr. J. D. Symonds: http://www.bartleby.com/31/

Koreny, F. (1988). Albrecht Dürer and the animal and plant studies of the Renaissance, Boston.

Panofsky, E. (1962). 'Artist, Scientist, Genius: Notes on the Renaissance Dämmerung', in W. Ferguson and e. al. (ed.), The Italian Renaissance, Six Essays, New York, 121-82.

Panofsky, E. (1971). The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer: Princeton.

Smith, P. (2004). The body of the artisan: art and experience in the scientific revolution, Chicago.

Ackerman, J. S. (1985). 'The involvement of artists in Renaissance science', in J. W. Shirley and F. D. Hoeniger (ed.), Science and the arts in the Renaissance, Cranbury NJ: Associated University Press, 94-129.

Scheller, R. W. (1995). Exemplum: Model-book drawings and the practice of artistic transmission in the Middle Ages (ca. 900-ca.1470), tr. M. Hoyle Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

Amelang, J. (1998). The flight of Icarus: artisan autobiography in early modern Europe, Stanford.

Baxandall, M. (1980). The limewood sculptors of Renaissance Germany, London and New Haven.

Kemp, M. (1990). The Science of Art: optical themes in Western art from Brunelleschi to Seurat, New Haven: Yale University Press.

Reeves, E. (1997). Painting the heavens : art and science in the age of Galileo, Princeton, NJ, Chichester: Princeton University Press.

 

1.4. Mnemonic function of pictures I list here works that deal with the most studied function of images for knowledge and cognition

Sherman, C. R., Ed. (2000). Writing on hands: memory and knowledge in early modern Europe Seattle, Washington University Press.

Clarke, E. and C. D. O'Malley (1996). The human brain and spinal cord: a historical study illustrated by writings form antiquity to the 20th century, San Francisco.

Bolzoni, L. (1989). 'The play of images: the art of memory from its origins to the seicento', in P. Corsi (ed.), The Mill of Thought: from the Art of Memory to the Neurosciences, Milan.

Carruthers, M. J. (1990). The book of memory: a study of memory in medieval culture, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Carruthers, M. (1998). The craft of thought: meditation, rhetoric and the making of images, 400-1200, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bolzoni, L. (2001). The gallery of memory: literary and iconographic models in the age of the printing press, tr. J. Parzen, Toronto.

Hoffmann, D. (2000). 'Die mnemonischen Kartenspiele Thomas Murners', in J.-J. Berns and W. Neuber (ed.), Seelenmaschinen: Gattungstraditionen, Funktionen und Leistungsgrenzen der Mnemonetechniken von späten Mittelalter bis zum Geginn der Moderne, Vienna, Cologne, Weimar, 585-604.

Nutton, V. (2001). 'Representation and memory in Renaissance anatomical illustration', in F. Meroi and C. Pogliano (ed.), Immagini per conoscere: Dal Rinascimento alla Rivoluzione scientifica, Florence, 61-80.

Yates, F. A. (1966). The art of memory, London.

O'Neill, Y. V. (1993). 'Diagrams of the Medieval Brain: a study in cerebral localization', in B. Cassidy (ed.), Iconography at the Crossroads, Princeton: Index of Christian Art, 91-105.

Pagel, W. (1958). 'Medieval and Renaissance Contributions to knowledge of the brain and its function', in F. N. L. Poynter (ed.), The History and Philosophy of Knowledge of the Brain and Its Functions, Oxford, 91-114.

Nordenfalk, C. (1985). 'The five senses in late medieval and renaissance art', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 48.

Spence, J. D. (1985). The memory palace of Matteo Ricci, London.

Küchler, S. and W. Melim, Eds. (1991). Images of memory: on remembering and representation, Washington and London.

 

 

 

2. Natural History or materia medica

2.1.1. Plants - primary sources: this is not at all an exhaustive list;I have emphasised works that are available in English.

Gerard, J. (1597). The herball or generall historie of plantes, London: Imprinted by Iohn Norton [colophon]: imprinted by Edm. Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton. Available on eebo.

Parkinson, J. (1629). Paradisi in sole paradisus terrestris : or, A garden of all sorts of pleasant flowers which our English ayre will permitt to be noursed up ... together with the right orderinge, planting & preserving of them and their uses & vertues., London: Humfrey Lownes and Robert Young. Available on eebo, as well as a facsimile edition,1976.

Fuchs, L. (1999). The great herbal of Leonhart Fuchs: De historia stirpium commentarii insignes, 1542 (notable commentaries on the history of plants) Stanford, 2 vols, F. G. E. Meyer, E. E. Trueblood, et al., eds, partial English translation. Original Latin text and images browsable at: http://www.abocamuseum.it/uk/bibliothecaantiqua/Book_View.asp?Id_Book=193&Display=E

Fuchs, L. (1545). Primi de stirpivm historia commentariorvm tomi uiuæ imagines, in exiguam angustioremq[ue] formam contractæ, ac quam fieri potest artificiosissime expressæ..., Basel, digitized: http://www.med.yale.edu/library/historical/fuchs/.

A medieval herbal: a facsimile of British Library Edgerton MS 747, London: The British Library, 2003.

Herbarius. Herbarius latinus, [Paris : Jean Bonhomme, about 1486], with French synonyms: http://www.med.yale.edu/library/historical/herbarius/herbarius.htm.

Dioscorides (2005). De materia medica, tr. L. Y. Beck, Hildesheim: Olms.

Herbarvm, arborvm, frvticvm, frvmentorvm ac legvminem : Animalium praeterea terrestrium, uolatili~u & aquatilium, aliorum´q; quorum in medicinis usus est, simplicium, imagines, aduiuum depictae, vnà cum nomenclaturis eorundem usitatis, Frankfurt a. M.: C. Egenolff, 1546, digitized by the Medical Historical Library at Yale: http://www.med.yale.edu/library/historical/EGENOLFF/egenolff%20HTML/intro.html.

Sir Hans Sloane’s herbarium on-line: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-curation/projects/sloane-herbarium/.

Aldrovandi’s hortus siccus: http://www3.unibo.it/erbario/hsebertoloni.html

Fisch, M. H. (1947). Nicolaus Pol, doctor, 1494 : with a critical text of his guaiac tract, tr. D. M. Schullian New York.

 

2.1.2. Plants- studies: this is not an exhaustive list, but I have emphasised works that are available in English.

Arber, A. (1990). Herbals: their origin and evolution: a chapter in the history of botany 1470-1670, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Still a very useful starting point. Supplement with:

Reeds, K. M. (1976). 'Renaissance Humanism and Botany', Annals of Science 33: 519-542.

Nutton, V. (2004). 'Mattioli and the art of commentary', in D. Fausti (ed.), La complessa scienza dei semplici, Siena, 133-147.

Nutton, V. (1997). 'The rise of medical humanism : Ferrara, 1464-1555', Renaissance studies 11, no. 1.

Givens, J. A. (2005). Observation and Image-making in Gothic art, Cambridge.

Godman, P. (1998). From Poliziano to Machiavelli : Florentine humanism in the high Renaissance, Princeton.

Ogilvie, B. W. (2003). 'Image and text in natural history, 1500-1700', in W. Lefèvre, J. Renn and U. Schoepflin (ed.), The Power of Images in Early Modern Science, Basel, Boston, and Berlin, 141-166.]

Ogilvie, B. W. (2003). 'The many books of nature: Renaissance naturalists and information overload', Journal of the History of Ideas 64(1): 29-40.

Ogilvie, B. W. (2005). 'Natural history, ethics, and physico-theology', in G. Pomata and N. Siraisi (ed.), Historia: empiricism and erudition in early modern Europe, Cambridge, MA and London, 75-103.

Kusukawa, S. (1997). 'Leonhart Fuchs on the Importance of Pictures', Journal of the History of Ideas 58(3): 403-427.

Findlen, P. (1994). Possessing nature: museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy, Berkeley.

Findlen, P. (2000). 'The Formation of A Scientific Community: Natural History in Sixteenth-Century Italy', in A. Grafton and N. Siriasi (ed.), Natural Particulars: Natural Philosophy and the Disciplines in Early Modern Europe, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 369-400. on Pier Andrea Mattioli

Stannard, J. (1966). 'Dioscorides and Renaissance materia medica', in M. Florkin (ed.), Materia Medica in the XVIth Century, Oxford and London: Pergamon, 1-21.

Stannard, J. (1969). 'P. A. Mattioli: sixteenth-century commentator on Dioscorides', University of Kansas Bibliographical Contributions 1: 59-81.

Palmer, R. (1984). 'The influence of botanical research on pharmacists in sixteenth-century Venice', NTM 21(2): 69-80.

Palmer, R. (1985). 'Medical Botany in Northern Italy in the Renaissance', Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 78: 149-57.

Palmer, R. (1985). 'Pharmacy in the republic of Venice in the sixteenth century', in A. Wear, R. K. French and I. Lonie (ed.), The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 100-117.

Koreny, F. (1988). Albrecht Dürer and the animal and plant studies of the Renaissance, Boston.

Jensen, K. (2001). 'Description, division, definition : Cæsalpinus and the study  of plants as an independent discipline', in M. Pade (ed.), Renaissance readings of the Corpus Aristotelicum: proceedings  from the conference held in Copenhagen, 23-25 April 1998, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum, 185-206.

Collins, M. (2000). Medieval Herbals: the illustrative tradition, London: British Library.

Pächt, O. (1950). 'Early Italian Nature Studies and the Early Calendar Landscape', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 13: 13-47

Abrahams, H. J. and M. B. C. Savin (1975). 'The herbarius latinus Venice 1499 : the first Italian Renaissance illustration of plants', Episteme 9: 225-252.

Dilg, P. (1975). 'Die botanische Kommentar-Literatur in Italien um 1500 und ihr Einfluß auf Deutschland', in A. Buck and O. Herding (ed.), Der Kommentar in der Renaissance, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, 225-52.

Allan, M. (1964). The Tradescants, their plants, gardens and museums, 1570-1662, London.

Kaden, V. (1983). The Illustration of Plants and Gardens 1500-1850, London: Victoria and Albert Museum.

Coffin, D. R. (1991). Gardens and Gardening in Papal Rome, Oxford: Blackwell.

Harkness, D. (2002). '"Strange" ideas and "English" knowledge. Natural science exchange in Elizabethan London', in P. H. Smith and P. Findlen (ed.), Merchants and marvels. Commerce, science and art in early modern Europe, New York and London, 137-160.

Goldgar, A. (2002). 'Nature as Art: The case of Tulips', in P. H. Smith and P. Findlen (ed.), Merchants and marvels: commerce, science and art in early modern Europe, London, 324-346.

See also the section on the ‘New World’ under Maps

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2.2.1. Animals-primary sources: this is not an exhaustive list, but I have emphasised works that are available in English

Physiologus, tr. M. J. Curley Austin; London: University of Texas Press, 1979.

Tacuinum sanitatis in medicina : Codex Vindobonensis series nova 2644 der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, 2 vols. Graz, 1967.

Topsell, E. (1607). The historie of fovre-footed beastes, London: William Iaggard. Available on eebo, as well as a facsimile edition, 1973.

Egmond, F. and A. Ehrman, see Pollard, G (1997). Adriaen Coenen en zij Visboeck van 1578, The Hague.

Egmond, F. and P. Mason, Eds. (2003). The Whale Book: whales and other marine animals as described by Adriaen Coenen in 1585, London.

Harms, W. (1985). Deutsche illustrierte Flugblätter des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts, vol. 1. Die Sammlung der Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel, Teil 1 (Ethica, Physica), Tübingen.

Faust, I. and K. Barthelmess (1998-). Zoologische Einblattdrucke und Flugschriften vor 1800, 3- vols. Stuttgart.

Aldrovandi’s collection on-line: http://www.filosofia.unibo.it/aldrovandi/.

 

2.2.2. Animals- studies

Ashworth, W. B. Jr. (1990). 'Natural history and the emblematic world view', in D. C. Lindberg and R. S. Westman (ed.), Reappraisals of the scientific revolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 303-32.

Ashworth, W. B. Jr. (1985). 'The persistent beast: recurring images in early zoological illustrations', in A. Ellenius (ed.), The Natural Sciences and the Arts, Uppsala, 46-66.

Pächt, O. (1950). 'Early Italian Nature Studies and the Early Calendar Landscape', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 13: 13-47

Pinon, L. (1995). Livres de zoologie de la Renaissance: une anthologie (1450-1700): Klincksieck.

Pinon, L. (2003). 'Entre compilation et observation: l'écriture de l'Ornithologie d'Ulisse Aldrovandi', Genesis 20: 53-70.

Kusukawa, S. (2000). 'The Historia Piscium (1686)', Notes and Records of the Royal Society 54(2): 179-197.

Egmond, F. and P. Mason (1994). 'Armadillo in Unlikely Places. Some Unpublished Sixteenth-Century Sources for New World Rezeptionsgeschichte in Northern Europe', Ibero-Amerikanischens Archive 20: 3-52.

Findlen, P. (1994). Possessing nature: museums, collecting, and scientific culture in early modern Italy, Berkeley.

Benton, J. R. (1992). The medieval menagerie: animals in the art of the middle ages, New York.

Koreny, F. (1988). Albrecht Dürer and the animal and plant studies of the Renaissance, Boston.

Clarke, T. H. (1986). The Rhinoceros from Dürer to Stubbs 1515-1799, London.

Bartrum, G. (2002). Albrecht Dürer and his legacy: the graphic work of the Renaissance artists, London: The British Museum Press.

Rowlands, J. (1988). The age of Dürer and Holbein: German drawings 1400-1550, London: The British Museum Press.

Panofsky, E. (1971). The Life and Art of Albrecht Dürer: Princeton.

Pinon, L. (1995). Livres de zoologie de la Renaissance: une anthologie (1450-1700): Klincksieck.

Pinon, L. (2003). 'Entre compilation et observation: l'écriture de l'Ornithologie d'Ulisse Aldrovandi', Genesis 20: 53-70.

Pinon, L. (2005). 'Conrad Gessner and the historical depth of Renaissance natural history', in G. Pomata and N. Siraisi (ed.), Historia: empiricism and erudition in early modern Europe, Cambridge, MA and London, 241-267.

Lazzaro, C. (1995). 'Animals as cultural signs: a Medici menagerie in the grotto at Castello', in C. Farrago (ed.), Reframing the Renaissance: visual culture in Europe and Latin America 1450-1650, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 197-242.

Steel, C., G. Guldentops, et al., Eds. (1999). Aristotle's animals in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, Leuven.

Nutton, V. (1985). 'Conrad Gessner and the English Naturalists', Medical history 29: 93-7.

Perfetti, S. (1999). Three different ways of interpreting Aristotle’s De partibus animalium: Pietro Pomponazzi, Niccolò Leonico Tomeo and Agostino Nifo, Leuven: Leuven University Press.

Monfasani, J. (1999). 'The pseudo-Aristotelian Problemata and Aristotle's De animalibus in the Renaissance', in A. Grafton and N. Siraisi (ed.), Natural Particulars: nature and the disciplines in Renaissance Europe, Cambridge, MA and London: MIT Press, 205-250.

Renzi, S. d. (2000). 'Writing and talking of exotic animals', in M. F. Spada and N. Jardine (ed.), Books and the sciences in history, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Resnick, I. and K. Kitchell (1996). 'Albertus the Great on the "language of animals"', American Catholic Philosophy Quarterly 70(special issue on Albertus Magnus).

Serjeantson, R. (2001). 'The passions and animal language, 1540-1700', Journal of the History of Ideas 62(3): 425-44.

Waite, G. K. (1995). 'Talking animals, preserved corpses and Venusberg: the 16th-century magical world view and popular conceptions of the spiritualist David Joris (c. 1501-1556)', Social History 20: 137-156.

Floridi, L. (1997). 'Scepticism and animal rationality: the fortune of Chrysippus' dog in the history of western thought', Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie, 79(1): 27-57.

Höltgen, K. J. (1998). 'Clever dogs and nimble spaniels: on the iconography of logic, invention, and imagination', Explorations in Renaissance culture 24: 1-36.

 

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3. Anatomy

3.1. Primary sources: this is not an exhaustive list, but I have emphasised works that are available in English.

Russell, K. F., Ed. (1987). British anatomy, 1525-1800: a bibliography of works published in Britain, America and on the continent, Winchester.

Lind, L. R. (1975). Studies in pre-Vesalian anatomy: biography, translations, documents, Philadelphia.

Ketham, J. d. (1925). The Fasciculo di medicina, Venice 1493, tr. C. Singer, 2 vols. Florence. English and Latin parallel text. The original Latin text (Venice: de Gregoriis, 1495) is digitized (full text and image) at: http://diglib.hab.de/wdb.php?dir=inkunabeln/43-4-med-2f-1.

Carpi, J. B. d. (1959). Jacopo Berengario da Carpi: a short introduction to anatomy (Isagoge Breves), tr. L. R. Lind Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Edwardes, D. (1961). Introduction to anatomy, 1532 : a facsimile reproduction, with English translation, and an introductory essay on anatomical studies in Tudor England, tr. C. D. O'Malley and K. F. Russell, London.

Fernel, J. (2003). The physiologia of Jean Fernel (1567). tr. J. M. Forrester Philadelphia, PA,: American Philosophical Society.

Fernel, J. (2005). Jean Fernel's On the hidden causes of things: forms, souls, and occult diseases in Renaissance, tr. J. M. Forrester, Leiden: Brill.

Paré, A. (1952). The apologie and treatise of Ambroise Pare: containing the voyages made into divers places, with many of his writings upon surgery, Chicago.

Paré, A. (1969). Ambroise Paré, Explanation of... instruments of chirurgery, Amsterdam.

Paré, A. (1982). On monsters and marvels, Chicago.

Benedetti, A. (1967). Diaria de bello Carolino. Diary of the Caroline war, New York.

Vesalius, A. (1948). Andreas Vesalius Bruxellensis: the bloodletting letter of 1539: an annotated translation and study of the evolution of Vesalius's scientific development, London.

Vesalius, A. (1969). The epitome of Andreas Vesalius, tr. L. R. Lind Cambridge, MA (originally pub. 1949).

Vesalius, A. (1998-). On the fabric of the human body, tr. W. F. Richardson and J. B. Carman San Francisco. Another translation project, which significantly compares the 1543 and 1555 editions of the Fabrica is at: http://vesalius.northwestern.edu/samplechapter/index.html.

Carlino, A. (1999). Paper bodies: a catalogue of anatomical fugitive sheets, 1538-1687, tr. N. Arikha London: Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine.

The order of the hospitalls of K. Henry the Viii th and K. Edward the vi th, viz. St. Bartholomew’s, Christ’s, Bridewell, St. Thomas’s. By the Maior, cominaltie, and citizens of London, governours of the possessions, revenues and goods of the sayd hospitalls, London, 1557 http://www.med.yale.edu/library/historical/hospitalls/index.html.

 

For historical, illustrated anatomical works (images only), including Berengario’s Isagoge, Ketham’s Fasciculo, and Vesalius’ Fabrica:

 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/historicalanatomies/browse.html.

Another site for history of anatomical illustrations is:

 http://link.library.utoronto.ca/anatomia/application/index.cfm.

‘The Boundaries of the Body and Scientific Illustration in Early Modern Europe’ at McGill, http://www.bronwenwilson.ca/, useful information of Valverde and Paré.

 

Note that practically all of the Renaissance editions of Galen, including the Kuhn edition, is available at:

http://www.bium.univ-paris5.fr/histmed/medica.htm

 

 

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3.2. Studies

General

Siraisi, N. G. (1990). Medieval and early Renaissance medicine : an introduction to knowledge and practice, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Siraisi, N. (2003). 'The faculty of medicine', in H. D. Ridder-Symoens (ed.), The History of the University in Europe, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1. Universities in the Middle Ages.

Elmer, P., Ed. (2004). The healing arts: health, disease and society 1500-1800 Milton Keynes, Open University.

Conrad, L. I., M. Neve, et al. (1995). The Western medical tradition: 800 B.C.-1800 A.D, London.

Webster, C., Ed. (1979). Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Pelling, M. (2003). Medical conflicts in early modern London: patronage, physicians, and irregular practitioners, 1550-1610, Oxford and New York: Clarendon.

Wear, A. (2000). Knowledge and practice in English medicine, 1550-1680, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Maclean, I., 1945- (2001). Logic, signs and nature : learned medicine in the Renaissance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Park, K. (1985). Doctors and medicine in early Renaissance Florence, Princeton.

Gentilcore, D. (1998). Healers and healing in early modern Italy, Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press.

 

Pictures

Roberts, K. B. and J. D. W. Tomlinson (1992). The Fabric of the Body: European traditions of anatomical illustrations, Oxford.

Rutkow, I. M. (1993). Surgery: an illustrated history, St Louis and London.

Saunders, J. B. d. C. M. and C. D. O'Malley (1950). The illustrations from the works of Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, Cleveland.

Bylebyl, J. J. (1990b). 'Interpreting the Fasciculo anatomy scene', Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences 45: 285-316.

Jones, P. M. (2006). 'Image, word, and medicine in the Middle Ages', in J. A. Givens, K. Reeds and A. Touwaide (ed.), Visualizing medieval medicine and natural history, 1200-1550, Aldershot, 1-24.

Nutton, V. (2001). 'Representation and memory in Renaissance anatomical illustration', in F. Meroi and C. Pogliano (ed.), Immagini per conoscere: Dal Rinascimento alla Rivoluzione scientifica, Florence, 61-80.

Carlino, A. (1995). '"Knowe Thyself". Graphic Communication and Anatomical Knowledge in Early Modern Europe', Res 27: 52-69.

Parshall, P. (1993). 'Imago contrafacta: Images and Facts in the Northern Renaissance', Art History 16(4): 554-79.

Kemp, M. (1990). 'Taking it on trust: Form and meaning in naturalistic representation', Archives of Natural History 17: 127-188.

Kemp, M. (1993). ''The mark of truth': looking and learning in some anatomical illustrations from the Renaissance and eighteenth century', in S. F. Bynum and R. Porter (ed.), Medicine and the Five Senses, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 85-122.

Kemp, M. (1996). 'Temples of the body and temples of the cosmos: vision and visualization in the Vesalian and Copernican revolutions', in B. S. Baigrie (ed.), Picturing Knowledge: historical and philosophical problems concerning the use of art in science, Toronto, Buffalo and London: University and Toronto Press, 40-85.

Jones, P. M. (1987). '"Sicut hic depingitur..." John of Ardene and English medical illustration in the 14th and 15th centuries', in W. Prinz and A. Beyer (ed.), Die Kunst und das Studium der Natur vom XIV zum XVI Jahrhundert, Weinheim, 103-126.

Valls, H. (1996). 'Illustrations as abstracts: the illustrative programme in a Montpellier manuscript of Roger Frugardi's Chirurgia', Medicina nei Secoli Arte e Scienza 8: 67-83.

Gaskell, R. (1990). 'The plates of Harvey's De motu cordis, Frankfurt 1628', The Book Collector 39(2): 205-220.

Ackerman, J. S. (1985b). 'Early Renaissance 'naturalism' and scientific illustration', in A. Ellenius (ed.), The natural sciences and the arts: aspects of interaction from the Renaissance to the 20th Century: An international symposium, Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1-17.

Bradburne, J. M., Ed. (2002). Blood: art, power, politics and pathology, Munich and London: Prestel.

Hillman, D. and C. Mazzio Eds. (1997). The Body in Parts: Fantasies of Corporeality in Early Modern Europe, London: Routledge.

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Renaissance and medicine

Cunningham, A. (1997). The anatomical Renaissance: the resurrection of the anatomical projects of the  ancients, Aldershot ; Brookfield, Vermont: Scolar Press.

French, R. K. (1999). Dissection and Vivisection in the European Renaissance, Brookfield, Vt.

Bylebyl, J. J. (1979). 'The School of Padua: humanistic medicine in the sixteenth century', in C. Webster (ed.), Health, Medicine and Mortality in the Sixteenth Century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 335-370.

Nutton, V. (1988). ''Prisci dissectionum professores': Greek texts and Renaissance anatomists', in A. C. Dionisotti, A. Grafton and J. Kraye (ed.), The uses of Greek and Latin: Historical essays, London: Warburg.

Nutton, V. (1997). 'Hellenism postponed: some aspects of Renaissance medicine 1490-1530', Sudhoffs Archiv 81: 158-170.

Nutton, V. (1985). 'Humanist surgery', in A. Wear, R. K. French and I.M. Lonie (ed.), The Medical Renaissance of the sixteenth century, Cambridge, 75-99.

French, R. K. (1985). 'Berengario da Carpi and the use of commentary in anatomical teaching', in A. Wear, R. K. French and I. M. lonie (ed.), The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century, Cambridge, 42-74.

Cunningham, A. (1985). 'Fabricius and the 'Aristotle project' in anatomical teaching and research at Padua', in A. Wear, R. K. French and I. Lonie (ed.), The medical renaissance of the sixteenth century, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 195-222.

Klestinec, C. (2004). 'A history of anatomy theatres in sixteenth-century Padua', Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences 59: 375-412.

 

Leonardo da Vinci

Kemp, M. (1981). Leonardo da Vinci: the marvellous works of nature and man, London.

Keele, K. D. and C. Pedretti (1978-80). Leonardo da Vinci: corpus of the anatomical studies in the collection of Her Majesty the Queen at Windsor Castle, 2 vols. London: Johnson Reprint Co. Ltd.

Keele, K. D. (1964). 'Leonardo da Vinci's influence on Renaissance anatomy', Medical History 8(4): 360-270.

Azzolini, M. (2005). 'In praise of art: text and context of Leonardo's Paragone and its critique of the arts and sciences', Renaissance Studies 19(4): 487-510.

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Vesalius

Cunningham, A. and T. Hug (1994). Focus on the frontispiece of the Fabrica of Vesalius, 1543: an exhibition, Cambridge: Cambridge Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine.

Siraisi, N. G. (1997). 'Vesalius and the reading of Galen's teleology', Renaissance quarterly 50(1): 1-37.

Siraisi, N. G. (1994). 'Vesalius and Human diversity in De humani corporis fabrica', Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 57: 60-88.

Kusukawa, S. (2004). From Counterfeit to Canon: Picturing the human body, especially by Andreas Vesalius, Berlin.

Cavanagh, G. S. T. (1983). 'A new view of the Vesalian landscape', Medical History.

 

Harvey

Cunningham, A. (1987). 'William Harvey', in R. Porter (ed.), Man masters nature, London: BBC, 65-76.

Massey, G. J. (1995). 'Rhetoric and rationality in William Harvey's De motu cordis', in H. Krips and others (ed.), Science, Reason, and Rhetoric, Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 13-46.

Wear, A. (1983). 'William Harvey and the 'way of the anatomists'', History of science 21: 223-249.

Bates, D. (1998). 'Closing the Circle: how Harvey and his contemporaries played the game of truth part I', History of Science 36(213-32).

Bylebyl, j. J. (1977). 'Nutrition, quantification and circulation', Bulletin of the history of medicine 51: 369-385.

Cohen, I. B. (1994). 'Harrington and Harvey: a theory of the state based on the new physiology', Journal of the History of Ideas 55: 187-210.

French, R. K. (1994). William Harvey's natural philosophy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Keynes, G. (1966). The life of William Harvey, Oxford: Clarendon.

Schackelford, J. (2003). William Harvey and the Mechanics of the Heart, New York: Oxford University Press.

Schmitt, Charles B. (1984). 'William Harvey and Renaissance Aristotelianism: A consideration of the  Praefatio to "De generatione animalium" (1651)', in R. Schmitz and G. Keil (ed.), Humanismus und Medizin, Weinheim: Acta Humaniora, 117-138.

Shank, M. H. (1985). 'From Galen's ureters to Harvey's veins', Journal of the history of biology 18: 331-355.

Hill, C. (1964). 'William Harvey and the idea of monarchy', Past and Present 27.

Shepard, A. (1996). '"O seditious citizen of the physicall Common-wealth! Harvey's royalism and his autopsy of old Parr', University of Toronto Quarterly 65: 482-505.

Wilson, L. (1987). 'William Harvey's Praelectiones: the performance of the body in the Renaissance theatre of anatomy', Representations 17: 62-95.

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Uses of anatomy

Park, K. (1994). 'The criminal and the saintly body: autopsy and dissection in Renaissance Italy', Renaissance Quarterly 47(1): 1-33.

Park, K. (2002). 'Relics of a fertile heart: the 'autopsy' of Clare of Montefalco', in ed.), Material culture of sex, creation and marriage and premodern Europe, New York: Palgrave, 115-133.

Schupbach, W. (1982). The paradox of Rembrandt's "Anatomy of Dr. Tulp", London.

Siraisi, N. (2001). 'Signs and evidence: autopsy and sanctity in late sixteenth-century Italy', in Medicine and the Italian universities 1250-1600, Leiden: Brill, 356-380.

Siraisi, N. (1997). The Clock and the Mirror: Girolamo Cardano and Renaissance Medicine, Princeton.

Clark, M. and C. Crawford, Eds. (1994). Legal Medicine in History, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

 

Anatomical theatres

Ferrari, G. (1987). 'Public Anatomy Lessons and the Carnival: The Anatomy Theatre of Bologna', Past and Present 117: 50-106.

Klestinec, C. (2004). 'A history of anatomy theatres in sixteenth-century Padua', Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences 59: 375-412.

Rupp, J. C. C. (1990). 'Matters of Life and Death: the social and cultural conditions of the rise of anatomical theatres, with special reference to seventeenth century Holland', History of Science 28: 263-87.

Schupbach, W. (1982). The paradox of Rembrandt's "Anatomy of Dr. Tulp", London.

Wilson, L. (1987). 'William Harvey's Praelectiones: the performance of the body in the Renaissance theatre of anatomy', Representations 17: 62-95.

 

The soul

Wolfson, H. A. (1935). 'The internal senses in Latin, Arabic and Hebrew Philosophic Texts', Harvard Theological Review 27: 69-133.

Harvey, E. R. (1975). The Inward Wits: Psychological Theory in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, London.

Muellener, E.-R. (1965). 'Konrad Gessners Illustration zu De anima', Gesnerus 22: 160-175.

Nutton, V. (1990). 'The anatomy of the soul in early renaissance medicine', in G. R. Dunstan (ed.), The human embryo: Aristotle and the Arabic and European traditions, Exeter: University of Exeter Press.

Clarke, E. and K. Dewhurst (1972). An illustrated history of brain function, Oxford.

O'Neill, Y. V. (1993). 'Diagrams of the Medieval Brain: a study in cerebral localization', in B. Cassidy (ed.), Iconography at the Crossroads, Princeton: Index of Christian Art, 91-105.

Singer, C. (1956). 'Brain dissection before Vesalius', Journal of the history of medicine and allied sciences 11: 261-274.

Hill, B. H. J. (1965). 'Grain and Spirit in Mediaeval Anatomy', Speculum 40: 63-73.

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4. Maps

4.1. Historiographic, general and technical

Karrow, R. W. J. (1993). Mapmakers of the Sixteenth Century and Their Maps: bio-bibliographies of the cartographers of Abraham Ortelius, Chicago: The Newberry Library. Useful reference work

Harvey, J. B. (1988). 'Silences and secrecy: the hidden agenda of cartography in early modern Europe', Imago Mundi 40.

Turnbull, D. (1996). 'Cartography and science in early modern Europe: mapping the construction of knowledge spaces', Imago Mundi 48: 5-24.

Woodward, D. (1991). 'Maps and the rationalisation of geographic space: mapping the construction of knowledge spaces', in J. Levenson (ed.), Circa 1492: Art in the Age of Exploration, New Haven, 83-88.

Stefoff, R. (1995). The British Library companion to maps and mapmaking, London.

Snyder, J. P. (1997). Flattening the earth: two thousand years of map projections, Chicago; London: University of Chicago Press.

Keuning, J. (1955). 'The history of geographical map projections until 1600', Imago mundi 12: 1-2

Delano Smith, C. (1985). 'Cartographic Signs on European Maps and their Explanation before 1700', Imago Mundi 37: 9-29.

Livingstone, D. N. (1988). 'Science, magic and religion: a contextual reassessment of geography in sixteenth and seventeenth centuries', History of Science 26: 269-294.

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4.2. Primary sources

Burden, P. D. (1996). The Mapping of North America: a list of printed maps, 1511-1670, Richmansworth: Raleigh Publishers.

Short, J. R. (2001). Representing the republic: mapping the United States 1600-1900, London.

The Waldseemuller world map (1507), Seattle, 2003.

Wolff, H. (1992). America : early maps of the world, Munich.

Campbell, T. (1987). The Earliest Printed Maps 1472-1500, London: The British Library.

Chubb, T. (1966). The printed maps in the atlases of Great Britain and Ireland : a bibliography, 1579-1870, London.

Delano Smith, C. and E. Morely Ingram (1991). Maps in Bibles 1500-1600. An Illustrated Catalogue, Geneva.

Westrem, S. D. (2001). The Hereford map : a transcription and translation of the legends with commentary, Turnhout.

Heninger, S. K. J. (1977). The Cosmographical Glass: Renaissance diagrams of the universe, San Marino.

Tooley, R. V. (1949). Maps and map-makers, London.

Lachièze-Rey, M. and J.-P. Luminet (1998). Figures du ciel, Seuil: BNF.

Warner, D. (1979). The sky explored: celestial cartography 1500-1800, New York.

Whitfield, P. (1995). The mapping of the heavens, London.

 

4.3. Studies – Medieval and Mappa mundi

Edson, E. (1997). Mapping Time and Space: How Medieval Mapmakers Viewed Their World, London: The British Library.

Harvey, P. D. A. (1996). 'Cartography and its written sources', in F. A. C. Mantello and A. G. Rigg (ed.), Medieval Latin: an introduction and bibliographical guide, Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press.

Harvey, P. D. A. (1996). Mappa Mundi. The Hereford World Map, London: Hereford Cathedral and the British Library.

Lanman, J. T. (1981). 'The religious symbolism of the T in T-O maps', Cartographia 18(4): 18-22.

Obrist, B. (1997). 'Wind diagrams and medieval cosmology', Speculum 72: 33-84.

Fiorani, F. (1996). 'Post-Tridentine 'Geographia sacra'. The Galleria delle Carte Geografiche in the Vatican Palace', Imago Mundi 48: 124-148.

Schulz, J. (1987). 'Maps as metaphors: mural map cycles of the Italian Renaissance', in D. Woodward (ed.), Art and Cartography: six historical essays, Chicago and London: Chicago University Press, 97-122.

Shalev, Z. (2003). 'Sacred geography, antiquarianism and visual erudition: Benito Arias Montano and the maps in the Antwerp Polyglot Bible', Imago Mundi 55: 56-80.

 

4.4. Studies – Early modern

Brotton, J. (1997). Trading territories: mapping the early modern world, London.

Buisseret, D., Ed. (1992). Monarchs, ministers and maps: The emergence of cartography as a tool of government in early modern Europe Chicago.

Buisseret, D. (2003). The mapmaker's quest: depicting new worlds in Renaissance Europe, Oxford.

Woodward, D. (1996). Maps as Prints in the Italian Renaissance: Makers, Distributors and Consumers, London: British Library.

Frangenberg, T. (1994). 'Chorographies of Florence. The use of city views and city plans in the sixteenth century', Imago Mundi 46: 41-64.

Nuti, L. (1988). 'The mapped views by Georg Hoefnagel: the merchant's eye, the humanist's eye', Word & Image 4(2): 545-70.

Nuti, L. (1994). 'The perspective plan of the sixteenth century: the invention of a representational language', Art Bulletin 76: 105-28.

Nuti, L. (2003). 'The world map as an emblem: Abraham Ortelius and the stoic contemplation', Imago Mundi 55: 38-55.

Delano Smith, C. (1985). 'Cartographic Signs on European Maps and their Explanation before 1700', Imago Mundi 37: 9-29.

Eastwood, B. and G. Grasshoff 'Planetary diagrams - descriptions, models, theories: from Carolingian deployments to Copernican debates', in, The power of pictures, 197-226.

Franklin, J. (2000). 'Diagrammatic reasoning and modelling in the imagination: the secret weapons of the scientific revolution', in G. Freeland and A. Corones (ed.), 1543 and all that, London: Kluwer, 53-115.

Gatti, H. (2004). 'Giordano Bruno's Copernican diagrams', Filozofski Vest. 25(2): 25-50.

Chance, J. and R. O. J. Wells, Eds. (1985). Mapping the cosmos Houston, Tx.

Pantin, I. (1995). La Poésie du Ciel en France dans la seconde moitié du seizième siècle, Geneva: Droz.

Winkler, M. G. and A. Van Helden (1992). 'Representing the Heavens: Galileo and Visual astronomy', Isis 83: 195-217.

Reeves, E. (1991). 'Augustine and Galileo on reading the heavens', Journal of the History of Ideas 52: 563-79.

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4.5. The New World: here I include works which are not necessarily visual, but are highly relevant for understanding representations of New World fauna, flora and geography.

4.5.1. Primary sources

Alden, J., Ed. (1980-). European Americana: a chronological guide to works printed  in Europe relating to the Americas, 1493-1776 New York.

Harriot, T. (1972). A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Virginia, New York.

Vespucci, A. (1992). Letters to a New World: Amerigo Vespucci's discovery of America, New York.

Drake, F. (1966). The Drake Manuscript in the Pierpoint Morgan Library: Histoire Naturelle des Indes, London.

Wolff, H. (1992). America : early maps of the world, Munich.

Fisch, M. H. (1947). Nicolaus Pol, doctor, 1494 : with a critical text of his guaiac tract, tr. D. M. Schullian New York.

4.5.2. Studies

Grafton, A., A. Shelford, et al. (1992). New Worlds, Ancient Texts: the power of tradition and the shock of discovery, Cambridge MA and London: Belknap Press.

Arrizabalaga, J., J. Henderson, et al. (1997). The Great Pox: the French Disease in Europe, New Haven.

Cambridge history of the native peoples of Americas, Cambridge, 1999.

Dickenson, V. (1998). Drawn from life: science and art in the portrayal of the New World, Toronto, Buffalo: University of Toronto Press.

Boxer, C. R. (1991). The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825, London.

Campbell, M. B. (1988). The Witness and the Other World: Exotic European Travel Writing 400-1600, Ithaca and London.

Phillips, W. D. J. and C. R. Phillips (1992). The Worlds of Christopher Columbus, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Flint, V. (1992). The imaginative landscape of Christopher Columbus, Princeton.

Certeau, M. (1991). 'Travel narratives of the French to Brazil: sixteenth to eighteent centuries', Representations 33.

Chiappelli, F., Ed. (1976). First images of Native America, Berkeley, University of California Press.

Cook, H. J. (1978). 'Ancient wisdom, the golden age, and Atlantis: the New World in 16th-century cosmography', Terrrae Incognitae 10: 25-43.

Greenblatt, S., Ed. (1993). New world encounters, London.

Greenblatt, S. (1991). Marvelous possessions, Oxford.

Whatley, J. (1986). 'Savage hierarchies: French Catholic observers of the New World', Sixteenth Century Journal 17(3).

Lestringant, F. (1997). Cannibals: the discovery and representation of the cannibal from Columbus to Jules Verne, Berkeley.

Hagen-Hein, W., Ed. (1984). Botanical drugs of the Americas in the Old and New Worlds Stuttgart.

Mundy, B. E. (1998). 'Mapping the Aztec Capital: The 1524 Nuremberg map of Tenochtitlan, its sources and meanings', Imago Mundi 50.

Hulton, P. (1985). 'Realism and Tradition in Ethnological and Natural History Imagery of the 16th Century', in A. Ellenius (ed.), The Natural Sciences and the Arts: Aspects of Interaction from the Renaissance to the 20th century: An International Symposium, Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell International, 18-31.

Mason, P. (1990). Deconstructing America : representations of the other, London.

Mason, P. (2001). The lives of images, London.

Pagden, A. (1993). European encounters with the New World: from Renaissance to Romanticism, New Haven and London.

Schmidt, B. (2001). Innocence abroad: the Dutch imagination and the new world, Cambridge.

Schwartz, B. (1994). Implicit understandings, Cambridge.

Shelton, A. A. (1994). 'Cabinets of Transgression: Renaissance Collections and the Incorporation of the New World', in J. Elsner and R. Cardinal (ed.), The Cultures of Collecting, London, 177-203.

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5. Galileo

5.1. Primary Source:

Galilei, G. (1989). Sidereus nuncius, or, The Sidereal messenger, tr. A. v. Helden Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Galilei, G. (1954). Dialogues concerning two new sciences, tr. H. Crew and A. Salvio New York: Dover. Reproduces the original illustrations.

 

5.2. Studies

Panofsky, E. (1956). 'Galileo as a Critic of the Arts: Aesthetic Attitude and Scientific Thought', Isis 47(3-15).

Winkler, M. G. and A. Van Helden (1992). 'Representing the Heavens: Galileo and Visual astronomy', Isis 83: 195-217.

Reeves, E. (1991). 'Augustine and Galileo on reading the heavens', Journal of the History of Ideas 52: 563-79.

Reeves, E. (1997). Painting the heavens : art and science in the age of Galileo, Princeton, NJ ; Chichester: Princeton University Press.

Edgerton, S. Y. J. (1984). 'Galileo, Florentine "Disegno" and the "Strange Spottednesse" of the Moon', Art Journal 44: 225-32.

Whitaker (1978). 'Galileo's lunar observations and the dating of the composition of the Sidereus Nuncius', Journal of the History of Astronomy 9: 155-69.

Bloom, T. F. (1978). 'Borrowed perceptions: Harriot's maps of the moon', Journal of the History of Astronomy 9: 117-122.

Feldhay, R. (1995). 'Producing sunspots on an iron pan: Galileo's scientific discourse', in H. Krips and e. al?? (ed.), Science, Reason and Rhetoric, Pittsburgh, 119-43.

Mueller, P. R. (2000). 'An unblemished success: Galileo's sunspot argument in the Dialogue', Journal for the History of Astronomy 31(4).

Van Helden, A. (1996). 'Galileo and Scheiner on sunspots: a case study in the visual language of astronomy', Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 140: 358-396.

Hemmendinger, D. (1984). 'Galileo and the phenomena: on making the evidence visible', in R. S. Cohen and M. W. Wartofsky (ed.), Physical Sciences and History of Physics, Dordrecht, 115-143.

Freedberg, D. (2002). The eye of the lynx: Galileo, his friends and the beginnings of modern natural history, Chicago. See also the review in Findlen, P. (2004). 'Science, art, and knowledge in seventeenth-century Rome', Metascience 13: 275-302.

Montgomery, S. L. (1994). 'The first naturalistic drawings of the moon: Jan van Eyck and the art of observation', Journal of the History of Astronomy 25: 317-320.

Drake, S. (1995). Galileo at Work: His Scientific Biography, New York: Dover.

P. Machamer (ed.), The Cambridge companion to Galileo. Edited by Peter Machamer, Cambridge,1998.

The next section is also relevant for Galilei’s mechanical diagrams

 

 

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6. Printing I have listed here useful introductions that offers the variety, range, and function of illustrated books of the period.

Excellent examples found at: http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/heavenlycraft/

Mortimer, R. (1964). Harvard College Library Department of Printing and Graphic Arts: catalogue of books and manuscripts; French 16th century books, Cambridge.

Mortimer, R. (1974). Harvard College Library; Department of Printing and Graphic Arts: catalogue of books and manuscripts; Italian 16th century books, Cambridge.

Martin, H.-J. (2000). La naissance du livre moderne (XIVe-XVIIe siécles), Mise en page et mise en texte du livre français, Paris.

Pollard, A. W. (1971). Early illustrated books: a history of the decoration and illustration of books in the 15th and 16th centuries, High Wycombe (orig. pub. 1893).

Landau, D. and P. Parshall (1994). The Renaissance Print: 1470-1550, New Haven: Yale University Press.

Parshall, P. (1993). 'Imago contrafacta: Images and Facts in the Northern Renaissance', Art History 16(4): 554-79.

Dackerman, S. (2002). Painted prints, the revelation of color in Northern Renaissance and Baroque prints, Baltimore.

Honemann, V., S. Griese, et al., Eds. (2000). Einblattdrucke des 15. und frühen 16 Jahrhunderts, Probleme, Perspektiven, Fallstudien, Tübingen.

Weber, B. (1972). Wunderzeichen und Winkeldrucker 1543-1586. Einblattdrucke aus der Sammlung Wikiana in der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Zurich.

Bury, M. (2001). The print in Italy 1550-1620, London.

Stock, J. v. d. (1998). Printing images in Antwerp: the introduction of printmaking in a city, fifteenth century to 1585, Rotterdam.

 

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